Reprint of "Pharmacological study of the light/dark preference test in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Waterborne administration".

Anxiety is a complex disorder; thus, its mechanisms remain unclear. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a promising pharmacological model for anxiety research. Light/dark preference test is a behaviorally validated measure of anxiety in zebrafish; however, it requires pharmacological validation. We sought to evaluate the sensitivity of the light/dark preference test in adult zebrafish by immersing them in drug solutions containing clonazepam, buspirone, imipramine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, haloperidol, risperidone, propranolol, or ethanol. The time spent in the dark environment, the latency time to first crossing, and the number of midline crossings were analyzed. Intermediate concentrations of clonazepam administered for 600s decreased the time spent in the dark and increased locomotor activity. Buspirone reduced motor activity. Imipramine and fluoxetine increased time spent in the dark and the first latency, and decreased the number of alternations. Paroxetine did not alter the time in the dark; however, it increased the first latency time and decreased locomotor activity. Haloperidol decreased the time spent in the dark at low concentrations. Risperidone and propranolol did not change any parameters. Ethanol reduced the time spent in the dark and increased the number of crossings at intermediate concentrations. These results corroborate the previous work using intraperitoneal drug administration in zebrafish and rodents, suggesting that water drug delivery in zebrafish can effectively be used as an animal anxiety model.

Pharmacological study of the light/dark preference test in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Waterborne administration.

Anxiety is a complex disorder; thus, its mechanisms remain unclear. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a promising pharmacological model for anxiety research. Light/dark preference test is a behaviorally validated measure of anxiety in zebrafish; however, it requires pharmacological validation. We sought to evaluate the sensitivity of the light/dark preference test in adult zebrafish by immersing them in drug solutions containing clonazepam, buspirone, imipramine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, haloperidol, risperidone, propranolol, or ethanol. The time spent in the dark environment, the latency time to first crossing, and the number of midline crossings were analyzed. Intermediate concentrations of clonazepam administered for 600s decreased the time spent in the dark and increased locomotor activity. Buspirone reduced motor activity. Imipramine and fluoxetine increased time spent in the dark and the first latency, and decreased the number of alternations. Paroxetine did not alter the time in the dark; however, it increased the first latency time and decreased locomotor activity. Haloperidol decreased the time spent in the dark at low concentrations. Risperidone and propranolol did not change any parameters. Ethanol reduced the time spent in the dark and increased the number of crossings at intermediate concentrations. These results corroborate the previous work using intraperitoneal drug administration in zebrafish and rodents, suggesting that water drug delivery in zebrafish can effectively be used as an animal anxiety model.

Balance, gait and quality of life in Parkinson's disease: Effects of whole body vibration treatment / Equilíbrio, marcha e qualidade de vida na Doença de Parkinson: efeitos de um tratamento de vibração de corpo inteiro

Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, which triggers limitations and disability in people. Therefore, rehabilitation therapy is widely recommended in patients with PD, especially those who do not respond to pharmacological treatment.Objective Evaluate the effect of a protocol of Whole-body Vibration (WBV) in balance, gait and Quality of Life (QOL) of patients with PD, who do not respond to pharmacological treatment.Methods It was performed 12 sessions of a protocol WBV (squat, plantar flexion, isometric contraction of members and single-leg balance), with three sets each, at a vibrating platform (2mm and 35Hz) in 10 PD patients. By the first 3 sessions, patients underwent 20 seconds of exercise and 20 seconds of rest. After the third session, the treatment was 40 seconds of exercise and 20 seconds of rest. The Tinetti Test was applied before and after treatment to assess balance and gait, and the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life-questionnaire (PDQL-BR), to evaluate the PDQL-BR and its subcategories: Parkinson, Systemic, Social and Emotional.Results Treatment did not significantly change the balance (p = 0.438), QOL issue in Emotional (p = 0.450) and Social (p = 0.171), but improved gait (p = 0.003), the Tinetti (p ≤ 0.001), the quality of life in items Parkinson (p ≤ 0.001), Systemic (p ≤ 0.001) and PDQL-BR (p ≤ 0.001).Conclusions WBV exercises on the vibrating platform, according to the parameters used, showed promising results that encourage its use to improve the clinical conditions related to disorders of gait, balance and QOL in patients with PD.

Introdução A Doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma desordem neurodegenerativa que desencadeia limitações e incapacidades nos indivíduos. Assim, a terapia de reabilitação é amplamente recomendada em parkinsonianos, principalmente aos que não respondem ao tratamento farmacológico.Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos de um protocolo de Vibração de Corpo Inteiro (VCI) no equilíbrio, na marcha e na Qualidade de Vida (QV) de pacientes com DP, que não respondiam ao tratamento farmacológico.Métodos Realizou-se 12 sessões de um protocolo de VCI (agachamento, flexão plantar, contração isométrica de membros e equilíbrio unipodal), com 3 séries cada, na plataforma vibratória (2mm de amplitude e 35Hz) em 10 parkinsonianos. Nas três primeiras sessões, os pacientes realizaram 20s de exercícios e 20s de repouso. Após a terceira sessão, o tratamento foi de 40s de exercícios e 20s de repouso. Foi aplicado, antes e após o tratamento, o Teste de Tinetti, para avaliar equilíbrio e marcha, e o questionário sobre QV, Parkinson Disease Quality of Life (PDQL-BR), para avaliar o PDQL-BR e as suas subcategorias: Parkinson, Sistêmico, Emocional e Social.Resultados O tratamento não alterou significativamente o equilíbrio (p = 0,438), a QV na questão Emocional (p = 0,450) e Social (p = 0,171), porém melhorou a marcha (p = 0,003), o Tinetti Total (p ≤ 0,001), a qualidade de vida nos itens, Parkinson (p ≤ 0,001), Sistêmico (p ≤ 0,001) e PDQL-BR (p ≤ 0,001).Conclusão Os exercícios de VCI na plataforma vibratória, segundo os parâmetros utilizados, apresentaram resultados promissores que incentivam o seu uso para melhorar as condições clínicas, referentes aos distúrbios da marcha, equilíbrio e QV em pacientes com DP. [K].

Escalpelamento nos Rios da Amazônia: um problema de saúde pública / Scalping in the Amazon Rivers: a public health problem

Objetivo: revisar as publicações sobre escalpelamento na Amazônia e os impactos em suas vítimas.Método: a literatura foi revisada nas bases de dados LILACS, WHOLIS, SCIELO, SCOPUS e ISI Web ofKnowledge até julho de 2011, utilizando como estratégia de busca os termos ?escalpelamento?,?traumatismos craniocerebrais?, ?scalping? e ?scalp?. Resultados: a revisão evidenciou um númeroreduzido de estudos sobre a problemática, apesar de acidentes com escalpelamento serem comuns naAmazônia, o que indica ser necessário pesquisar e publicar nessa área de conhecimento. Consideraçõesfinais: é necessário um programa com ações de políticas públicas integradas como forma de reduzir osescalpelamentos e dar qualidade de vida às suas vitimas, envolvendo legislação e fiscalização dos meiosde pequenos transportes fluviais; intensificação das campanhas de esclarecimentos junto a populaçãoribeirinha da Amazônia, sobretudo quanto a importância da proteção do motor das embarcações, cuidadoscom as crianças e uso de cabelos presos; informar aos profissionais as medidas a serem tomadas deimediato nos acidentes com escalpelamento; garantir assistência integral aos pacientes escalpelados comatendimento gratuito na rede do SUS, cirurgias reparadoras, tratamento biopsicossocial, inclusão social,além de outros.

Objective: the aim of this paper is to review the publications about scalping and the impacts on itsvictims. Method: a literature review was conducted in LILACS, WHOLIS, ADOLEC, SCIELO andSCOPUS databases until July 2011, using as search strategy the terms "escalpelamento", "traumatismocraniocerebral", "scalping" and "scalp". Results: the review showed a small number of studies about theproblem, despite scalping accidents are common in the Amazon, which indicates the need to conductfurther researches. Final considerations: is necessary a program with integrated public policies actions inorder to reduce scalping and give quality of life to the victims, involving regulation and supervision to therivers transportations, intensifying awareness campaign together the population of the amazon rivers,especially regarding the importance of protecting the engine of the boat, children care and use hair tied,inform professionals of the measures to be taken immediately in accidents with scalping; provideassistance to patients with free care in the SUS, reconstructive surgeries, treatment biopsychosocial, socialinclusion and another